Everything about Sapphics totally explained
The
Sapphic stanza, named after
Sappho, is a
poetic form spanning four lines.
The form is three
hendecasyllabic lines of
trochee, trochee,
dactyl, trochee, trochee and a concluding line of dactyl, trochee, known as the
Adonic or
adonean line.
Using "-" for a long syllable, "u" for a short and "x" for an "
anceps" (or free syllable):
- u - x - u u - u - x
- u - x - u u - u - x
- u - x - u u - u - x
- u u - x
While
Sappho used several
metrical forms for her poetry, she's most famous for the Sapphic stanza. It isn't clear if she created it or if it was already part of the
Aeolic tradition.
Use by other poets
Sappho's contemporary and countryman,
Alcaeus, also used the Sapphic stanza.
A few centuries later, the
Roman poet
Catullus admired Sappho's work and used the Sapphic meter in two poems,
Catullus 11 and
Catullus 51. The latter is a rough translation of Sappho's poem 31. Sapphics were also used by
Horace in several of his
Odes.
The Sapphic stanza was imitated in
English by
Algernon Charles Swinburne in a poem he simply called
Sapphics:
» Saw the white implacable
Aphrodite,
Saw the hair unbound and the feet unsandalled
» Shine as fire of sunset on western waters;
:Saw the reluctant. . .
Allen Ginsberg also experimented with the form:
» Red cheeked boyfriends tenderly kiss me sweet mouthed
under Boulder coverlets winter springtime
» hug me naked laughing & telling girl friends
:gossip til autumn
Further Information
Get more info on 'Sapphics'.
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